Osteomyelitis is a serious bone infection that occurs when harmful bacteria or fungi invade the bone tissue, leading to inflammation. This condition can develop in several ways:
- The most common cause of osteomyelitis is when an infection in another part of the body, such as the skin or urinary tract, spreads through the bloodstream and reaches the bone.
- Infections close to a bone, such as an abscess or an infected wound, can spread directly to the bone. For example, a deep cut or a surgical wound near a bone can become infected and lead to osteomyelitis.
- Osteomyelitis can occur when the bone itself is exposed to bacteria or fungi, often through an open fracture (where the bone breaks through the skin) or during surgery.
Once bacteria or fungi reach the bone, they can multiply and cause an inflammatory response. The bone’s rigid structure makes it difficult for the body’s immune system to effectively fight the infection, which can lead to the rapid spread of inflammation and infection within the bone.
The infection can also cause the blood supply to the affected bone area to decrease, further complicating the body’s ability to heal the infection. If left untreated, osteomyelitis can lead to severe complications, such as bone death or the spread of the infection to other parts of the body.